
Biology
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Cell Biology
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Fundamental life processes of plants and animals
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Cells enclosed semipermeable membranes that regulate their interaction
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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions
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Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells plants, animals, and viruses differ in general structure
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Molecular biology
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Role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins
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Energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts
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Role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy
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Macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells
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Chemiosmotic in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production
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Eukaryotic cells given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both
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Genetics
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Mutation and sexual reproduction
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Meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction
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Chromosome segregation explains the probability that a particular allele will be in a gamete
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Fertilization
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DNA sequence
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Genetic coding rules to predict sequence of amino acids from a sequence of codons in RNA
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Biotechnology
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Ecology
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Ecosystem
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Biodiversity
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Evolution
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New mutations
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
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Evolution the result of genetic changes
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Natural selection
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Reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation
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Analyze fossil evidence biological diversity, episodic speciation, and mass extinction
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Comparative embryology
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Physiology
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Homeostatic
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Body systems, cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste carbon dioxide
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Nervous system mediates communication
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Feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems
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Nervous system, ole of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses
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Roles of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in sensation, thought, response
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Digestive enzymes, amylases, proteases, nucleases, lipases, stomach acid, and bile salts
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Homeostatic, kidneys removal nitrogenous wastes, liver blood detoxification, glucose balance
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Cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, roles of actin, myosin, Ca, and ATP
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Hormones, digestive, reproductive, osmoregulatory, Feedback mechanisms for homeostasis
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Organisms mechanisms to combat disease
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Role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection
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Vaccination protects against infectious diseases
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AIDS person unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms usually benign
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Roles of phagocytes, B-lymphocytes, and T-lymphocytes in the immune system